Understand the difference between light, medium and heavy rare earth elements, and why these distinctions matter for mining, industry and supply chains.

Critical or strategic minerals: two terms that are often confused, yet distinct. Here are the definitions, the differences, and what it means.

In a context of global decarbonization, discover why nuclear energy is a pillar of low-carbon energy systems.

History, geopolitics, and innovation: understanding why thorium was set aside and why it is drawing renewed interest in advanced reactors.

Thorium and rare earths are extracted from the same deposits. Learn why thorium is a natural byproduct of rare earth mining and what it means for the energy transition.

Ilmenite, rutile, and leucoxene are the primary sources of titanium. Here is their composition, their formation, and what sets them apart.

Titanium combines lightness, strength, and exceptional durability. A strategic metal for aerospace, medical, and clean technology sectors.

Monazite is a phosphate extracted from mineral sands that contains thorium and rare earth elements. An overview of what it is and how it is processed.

Ilmenite, rutile, zircon, monazite: mineral sands are the foundation of the titanium, rare earths and thorium essential to the energy transition.

A geological reservoir is a porous underground formation capable of storing fluids. Understand its key role in energy and the climate transition

SMR, MSR, thorium: these advanced nuclear technologies are redefining low-carbon energy. What they are, how they work, and why they matter.

Enhanced geothermal energy (EGS) makes it possible to harness the Earth's heat anywhere, without a natural reservoir. An overview of its principles, potential, and concrete projects.

A geothermal brine can simultaneously produce energy and supply critical minerals. A dual-value model for the energy transition.

The co-occurrence of helium and natural hydrogen opens the way for integrated exploration strategies and new energy opportunities.

The helium extracted from the ground is the result of millions of years of radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. Here is how this process works.

Discover why AI relies on essential mining resources such as copper, gallium, and rare earths, from chips to data centers.

A geological reservoir stores fluids, heat, or gases underground. A key concept for understanding geothermal energy, CO₂, and natural hydrogen.

Cement, steel, chemicals: heavy industries account for a major share of global CO₂ emissions. CCUS is emerging as one of the key tools for decarbonising them.

Trucks and buses account for a major share of GHG emissions. Hydrogen is emerging as one of the most promising solutions for decarbonizing them.